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Organ Pipes National Park
The Organ Pipes National Park, abbreviated as OPNP, is a national park located in the Central region of Victoria, Australia. The protected area was established with the focus on conservation of the native flora and fauna, and preservation of the geological features in the Jacksons Creek, a part of the valley, north-west of Melbourne. It is situated in a deep gorge in the grassy, basalt Keilor plains.
Within Organ Pipes National Park, the valley walls of Jacksons Creek expose Pleistocene volcanic rocks of the New Volcanic Group. These 2.5 to 2.8 million year-old basalt lavas, commonly known as "trap rock," fractured during cooling into vertically standing, hexagonal basalt columns. These columns are locally known as the "organ pipes" for which this park is named. Over the last one to two million years, the slow cutting by Jackson Creek of its valley down into the basaltic plains and through the underlying trap rock exposed these geological structures. The bottom of the valley of Jackson Creek also exposes a prehistoric buried creek valley, which is cut into 400 million year-old (Silurian) mudstones and sandstones. The bottom of this buried valley contains ancient creek gravel. Both the ancient river valley and the Silurian sedimentary rock lies buried beneath the basaltic volcanic rocks of the New Volcanic Group. Marine fossils that are found in the Silurian sedimentary rocks demonstrate that they accumulated beneath a prehistoric ocean.
A Friends’ group, the "Friends of Organ Pipes" (FOOPS), comprising conservation activists to support the efforts of rehabilitation of the OPNP’s indigenous flora and fauna, supplemented the work of the Victoria Park system under which the OPNP was declared a National Park.〔 The park's importance to the whole region as a "center for education about the geology, flora and fauna of the Keilor Plains, and the restoration of degraded land" is important. With its inclusion in the IUCN Category III (Natural Monuments) of the United Nations’ list of National Parks and Protected Areas, there is a greater recognition of the need to protect or preserve outstanding natural features.〔
==Geography==
The national park, designated to cover an area of , is situated to the northwest of Melbourne city. It is part of the Victoria Park system. It is approachable from the Calder Highway.〔 The road network around the park consists of the Calder Highway on the south and the Calder Raceway also on the southern direction but close to its entrance.〔 The Jacksons Creek, which is at the heart of the park, is bounded by the city of Hume on the northern side while the city of Brimbank is to its south; Deep Creek and Keilor Plains to the west of Melbourne are also part of this geographical setting. The complementary areas to the park are the Holden Flora Reserve (), Holden School Site (), Derrimut Grassland Reserve () and Laverton and North Grassland Reserve ().〔 Out of the total area of , the conservation area is (88.6%), conservation and recreation area is (10.8%), visitor center accounts for (0.6%), and (1.6%) is the special management area.〔 The park is drained by Jackson Creek, Deep Creek and Emu Creek. These are the major tributaries of the Maribyrnong River, which has a catchment area of . Jackson Creek rises in the Wombat State Forest, flows east to the Roslynn Reservoir, joining Deep Creek near Sydenham Park. It outflows from the reservoir through Gisborne, Sunbury before flowing through Organ Pipes National Park.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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